Each stage of the product development process has different product prototypes requirements, and it is important to understand the differences between each type of prototype.
In reality, a single prototype is never enough to bring a commercial product to market. Even with the most advanced computer-aided design, every new product will require multiple iterations of design prototypes. You should always start with the simplest, lowest-cost type of prototype, and then move on to a more expensive category of prototype and prototype manufacturing once you have gained enough information from the previous iteration.
Proof-of-Concept (POC)
A proof-of-concept (POC) is the first and simplest type of prototype that is created to demonstrate the feasibility of an idea. It is usually created using basic materials and has limited functionality. The main objective of a POC is to prove that a concept can be realized in a practical way. A POC is not intended to be a final product, but rather a demonstration of the potential of an idea.
A POC typically consists of a basic circuit board or a breadboard with some electronic components. It is used to test the basic functionality of the design and to validate the concept. Once the POC is validated, the designers can move on to the next stage of prototyping.
Looks-Like Prototype
A looks-like prototype is a prototype that looks like the final product but has limited or no functionality. It is created to test the aesthetics and ergonomics of the product. A looks-like prototype is usually made of foam, clay or other materials that can be easily shaped and molded.
The main objective of a looks-like prototype is to validate the design from a user perspective. It allows the designers to test the size, shape, and feel of the product. This type of prototype is also useful for getting feedback from potential customers and stakeholders.
Works-Like Prototype
A works-like prototype is a prototype that has the same functionality as the final product. It is created to test the performance of the product and to validate the design from an engineering perspective. A works-like prototype is usually made of more advanced materials such as plastic, metal or electronic components.
The main objective of a works-like prototype is to validate the functionality of the product. It allows the designers to test the product in real-world conditions and to identify any performance issues. This type of prototype is also useful for testing the product's compatibility with other systems and components.
Engineering Prototype
An engineering prototype is a prototype that is created to test the product's engineering design. Employs the same materials and performs the same functions as the end product. The main objective of an engineering prototype is to test the product's performance under different conditions and to identify any design flaws.
An engineering prototype is also used to test the product's durability, reliability, and safety. It allows the designers to identify any issues related to the product's manufacturing process and to make any necessary changes to the design.
Pre-Production Prototype
A pre-production prototype is a prototype that is created to test the product's manufacturing process. This and all subsequent stages will use the same material for the prototype that was planned to be used during manufacturing. The main objective of a pre-production prototype is to test the product's manufacturability and to identify any issues related to the production process.
A pre-production prototype is also used to test the product's quality control process and to ensure that the final product meets the required specifications. It allows the designers to identify any issues related to the product's packaging, labeling, and shipping.
Engineering Validation Test (EVT)
An Engineering Validation Test (EVT) is a type of prototype that is used to validate the product's engineering design. This stage of the prototype is the first time the product is built to its full specifications. EVT ensures that the product meets the design requirements, and all the components are integrated correctly. During this stage, the prototype is subjected to various tests, including environmental and reliability tests. EVT helps in identifying any design flaws before proceeding to the next stage of prototyping.
The EVT prototype. This prototype helps the designers to validate the product's functionality, durability, and safety. It is crucial to note that EVT is an essential stage in the prototyping process as it allows the designers to make any necessary changes to the design before proceeding to the next stage.
Design Validation Test (DVT)
A Design Validation Test (DVT) is a prototype that is created to test the product's design. This stage of prototyping ensures that the product design meets the user's requirements and is ready for mass production. DVT is the stage where the prototype is refined, and any issues identified in the EVT stage are addressed.
The DVT prototype is usually made of the same materials as the final product, and it is fully functional. During this stage, the prototype is subjected to various tests, including user testing, software and hardware compatibility testing, and product safety testing. DVT helps to identify any design issues and to make any necessary changes before proceeding to the next stage.
Production Validation and Testing (PVT)
The Production Validation and Testing (PVT) is the final stage of the prototyping process. It is the stage where manufactured prototype is tested to ensure that it meets the product's specifications and is ready for mass production. The PVT stage helps in identifying any manufacturing issues and ensures that the product meets the quality standards.
The PVT prototype fabricated using the same materials and showcases the same performance as the eventual product and is tested under production conditions. During this stage, the prototype is subjected to various tests, including manufacturing tests, quality control tests, and packaging and shipping tests. The objective of the PVT stage is to ensure that the final product meets the required specifications and is ready for mass production.
A Breakdown of Product Prototyping
| Prototype Type | Description | Purpose | Additional Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proof-of-Concept (POC) | Basic model or demonstration of concept/idea | Validate feasibility | May not be fully functional, may use low-cost materials |
| Looks-Like Prototype | Physical model that looks like final product | Test visual and ergonomic aspects | May use basic materials or mock-ups |
| Works-Like Prototype | Prototype that functions like final product | Test functionality and user experience | May not be visually or ergonomically refined |
| Engineering Prototype | Prototype designed for manufacturing, made with similar materials and processes | Test design, materials, and manufacturing processes | May require significant time and cost to produce |
| Pre-Production Prototype | Prototype manufactured with final manufacturing processes and materials, not yet ready for mass production | Identify and resolve issues | May be used for testing and certification purposes |
| Engineering Validation Test (EVT) | First stage of product testing, identifies and resolves engineering-related issues | Ensure product meets engineering requirements and specifications | Typically conducted in a controlled environment |
| Design Validation Test (DVT) | Second stage of product testing, validates design and functionality | Ensure product meets design requirements and specifications | May involve user testing and feedback |
| Production Validation and Testing (PVT) | Final stage of product testing, ensures product can be manufactured at scale and meets requirements and specifications | Ensure product is ready for mass production and meets customer needs and expectations | May involve pilot production runs and quality control testing |
Conclusion
In conclusion, hardware prototypes are an essential part of the product development process. The different types of prototypes are created to validate the product's feasibility, design, engineering, manufacturing process, and quality control. Each stage of the prototyping process is crucial in ensuring that the final product meets the required specifications and is ready for mass production. Understanding the differences between each type of prototype is essential in selecting the appropriate prototype for each stage of the product development process.
